Diabetes References – Hashtag Health Talk

Blood Sugar Blaster Research:

Vitamin C
Afkhami-Ardekani M, Shojaoddiny-Ardekani A. Effect of vitamin C on blood glucose, serum
lipids & serum insulin in type 2 diabetes patients. Indian J Med Res. 2007;126(5):471-4.

Dakhale GN1, Chaudhari HV, Shrivastava M. Supplementation of vitamin C reduces blood
glucose and improves glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized,
double-blind study. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2011;2011:195271.

M. A. Ardekani and A. S. Ardekani, “Effect of vitamin C on blood glucose, serum lipids & serum
insulin in type II diabetes patients,” Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 126, no. 5, pp.
471–474, 2007

N. Bishop, C. J. Schorah, and J. K. Wales, “The effect of vitamin C supplementation on diabetic
hyperlipidaemia: a double blind, crossover study,” Diabetic Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 121–124,
1995.

P. Sridulyakul, D. Chakraphan, and S. Patumraj, “Vitamin C supplementation could reverse
diabetes-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in mesenteric microcirculation in STZrats,”
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 315–321, 2006.

Ashor AW, Werner AD, Lara J. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycaemic control: a
systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Mar
15.

S. J. Davie, B. J. Gould, and J. S. Yudkin, “Effect of vitamin C on glycosylation of
proteins,” Diabetes, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 167–173, 1992.

Vitamin E
Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Sinprasert S. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on glycaemic
control in type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Vit J Clin Pharm
Ther. 2011 Feb;36(1):53-63. Article.

Goldenstein H, Levy NS, Lipener YT, Levy AP. Patient selection and vitamin E treatment in
diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013 Mar;11(3):319-26. Article.

de Oliveira A. M., Rondó P. H., Luzia L. A. The effects of lipoic acid and α-tocopherol
supplementation on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011
May;92(2):253-60.

Park S, Choi SB (2002) Effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and continuous
subcutaneous insulin infusion on oxidative stress in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J
Clin Nutr 75: 728–733

Ble-Castillo JL, Carmona-Diaz E, Mendez JD, Larios-Medina FJ, Medina-Santillan R, et al.
(2005) Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the metabolic control and oxidative stress in female type 2
diabetics. Biomed Pharmacother 59: 290–295

Boshtam M, Rafiei M, Golshadi ID, Ani M, Shirani Z, et al. (2005) Long term effects of oral
vitamin E supplement in type II diabetic patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 75: 341–346

Ceriello A, Giugliano D, Quatraro A, Donzella C, Dipalo G, et al. (1991) Vitamin E reduction of
protein glycosylation in diabetes. New prospect for prevention of diabetic complications? Diabetes Care 14: 68–72

Liu S, Lee IM, Song Y, Van Denburgh M, Cook NR, et al. (2006) Vitamin E and risk of type 2
diabetes in the women’s health study randomized controlled trial. Diabetes 55: 2856–2862
Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Sinprasert S (2011) Effects of vitamin E supplementation on
glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Clin
Pharm Ther 36: 53–63

Xu R, Zhang S, Tao A. Influence of vitamin E supplementation on glycaemic control: a metaanalysis
of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16;9(4):e95008. Article.

Paolisso G, D’Amore A, Galzerano D, Balbi V, Giugliano D, et al. (1993) Daily vitamin E
supplements improve metabolic control but not insulin secretion in elderly type II diabetic
patients. Diabetes Care 16: 1433–1437

Gazis A, White DJ, Page SR, Cockcroft JR (1999) Effect of oral vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
supplementation on vascular endothelial function in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 16:
304–311

Biotin

Albarracin CA, Fuqua BC, Evans JL, Goldfine ID. Chromium picolinate and biotin combination
improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2
diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Jan-Feb;24(1):41-51.

McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional
Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic
Complications. Healthcare (Basel). 2017 Mar 14;5(1).

McCarty MF. In type 1 diabetics, high-dose biotin may compensate for low hepatic insulin
exposure, promoting a more normal expression of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enyzymes and
thereby aiding glycemic control. Med Hypotheses. 2016 Oct;95:45-48.

Hemmati M, Babaei H, Abdolsalehei M. Survey of the effect of biotin on glycemic control and
plasma lipid concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients in kermanshah in iran (2008-2009). Oman
Med J. 2013 May;28(3):195-8.

The effect of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation on glycemic control in poorly
controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pla… – PubMed – NCBI

Magnesium

J. Eriksson and A. Kohvakka, “Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes
mellitus,” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 217–223, 1995.
White JR Jr, Campbell RK. Magnesium and diabetes: a review. Ann Pharmacother. 1993 Jun;
27(6):775-80. Article.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Mar;96(11):e6352. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006352.
Shahbah D1, Hassan T, Morsy S. Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycemic control
and lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes and hypomagnesaemia. Medicine (Baltimore).
2017 Mar;96(11):e6352.

Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin
sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind
controlled trial. Diabetes Care2003;26:1147–52.

Simental-Mendía LE, Sahebkar A, Rodríguez-Morán M, et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis
of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin
sensitivity and glucose control. Pharmacol Res 2016;111:272–82.

Zinc

Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jayawardena R, Ranasinghe P, Galappatthy P, Malkanthi R, Constantine G, Katulanda P.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012 Apr 19;4(1):13.

Shidfar F, Aghasi M, Vafa M, Heydari I, Hosseini S, Shidfar S. Effects of combination of zinc and
vitamin A supplementation on serum fasting blood sugar, insulin, apoprotein B and apoprotein AI
in patients with type i diabetes. International Journal of Food Sciences and
Nutrition. 2010;61:182–191.

Al-Maroof RA, Al-Sharbatti SS. Serum zinc levels in diabetic patients and effect of zinc
supplementation on glycemic control of type 2 diabetics. Saudi Medical Journal. 2006;27:344–
350.

de Sena KC, Arrais RF. das Gracas Almeida M, de Araujo DM, dos Santos MM, de Lima VT, de
Fatima Campos Pedrosa L: Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Biol
Trace Elem Res. 2005;105:1–9.

Anderson RA, Roussel AM, Zouari N, Mahjoub S, Matheau JM, Kerkeni A. Potential antioxidant
effects of zinc and chromium supplementation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll
Nutr. 2001;20:212–218.

Gunasekara P, Hettiarachchi M, Liyanage C, Lekamwasam S. Effects of zinc and multimineral
vitamin supplementation on glycemic and lipid control in adult diabetes. Diabetes, Metabolic
Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2011;4:53–60.

Manganese

Koh ES, Kim SJ, Yoon HE. Association of blood manganese level with diabetes and renal
dysfunction: a cross-sectional study of the Korean general population. BMC Endocr
Disord. 2014 Mar 8;14:24. Article.

Oral Magnesium Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Control in Type 2
Diabetic Subjects. [ADA]

Chromium

[No authors listed]. A scientific review: the role of chromium in insulin resistance. Diabetes Educ.
2004;Suppl:2-14.

Paiva AN, Lima JG, Medeiros AC. Beneficial effects of oral chromium picolinate
supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical
study. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015 Oct;32:66-72. Article.

Effects of chromium supplementation on fasting insulin levels and lipid parameters in healthy,
non-obese young subjects. [PubMed]

Singer GM, Geohas J. The effect of chromium picolinate and bio<n supplementa<on on glycemic
control in poorly controlled pa<ents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded,
randomized trial. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006. Dec;8(6):636-643

Anderson RA, Roussel AM, Zouari N, Mahjoub S, Matheau JM, Kerkeni A. Poten<al an<oxidant
effects of zinc and chromium supplementa<on in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll
Nutr. 2001;20:212–218.

Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose
metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2007
Aug;30(8):2154-63.

Wang X, Zhang M, Lui G. Associations of Serum Manganese Levels with Prediabetes
and Diabetes among ≥60-Year-Old Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional
Analysis. Nutrients. 2016 Aug 13;8(8). Article.

Banaba Leaf extract

Miura T, Takagi S, Ishida T. Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba
(Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and Corosolic Acid. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.
2012;2012:871495.

Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and
Corosolic Acid. [PubMed] [PubMed]

Guggul

Sarup P1, Bala S1, Kamboj S1. Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Oleo-Gum Resin of
Commiphora wightii (Guggulu). Scientifica (Cairo). 2015;2015:138039. Article.

R. Bellamkonda, K. Rasineni, S. R. Singareddy et al., “Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant
activities of alcoholic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin in streptozotocin induced diabetic
rats,” Pathophysiology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 255–261, 2011.

Bitter Melon

Alam MA, Uddin R, Subhan N. Beneficial Role of Bitter Melon Supplementation in Obesity and
Related Complications in Metabolic Syndrome. J Lipids. 2015; 2015: 496169.

Krawinkel M. B., Keding G. B. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): a dietary approach to
hyperglycemia. Nutrition Reviews. 2006;64(7):331–337.

Tsai C.-H., Chen E. C.-F., Tsay H.-S., Huang C.-J. Wild bitter gourd improves metabolic
syndrome: a preliminary dietary supplementation trial. Nutrition Journal. 2012;11

Fuangchan A., Sonthisombat P., Seubnukarn T., et al. Hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon
compared with metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology. 2011;134(2):422–428.

Leung L., Birtwhistle R., Kotecha J., Hannah S., Cuthbertson S. Anti-diabetic and
hypoglycaemic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon): a mini review. British Journal of
Nutrition. 2009;102(12):1703–1708.

Licorice root extract

Cheng HS, Kong JM, Ng AX. Novel Inhibitory Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid on the Accumulation of
Advanced Glycation End Product and Its Receptor Expression. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2014
Dec;4(6):325-33.

Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y. Phenolics with PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity obtained
from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensisroots) and ameliorative effects of glycyrin on genetically
diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Dec 15;13(24):4267-72. Article.

Chia YY, Liong SY, Ton SH. Amelioration of glucose homeostasis by glycyrrhizic acid through
gluconeogenesis rate-limiting enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 29;677(1-3):197-202.
Cinnamon Bark Powder

Mang B, Wolters M, Schmitt B, Kelb K, Lichtinghagen R, Stichtenoth DO, et al. Effects of a
cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA1c, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2. Eur J
Clin Invest. 2006;36:340–4.

Crawford P. Effectiveness of cinnamon for lowering hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2
diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009;22:507–12. [PubMed]

Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressurelowering
effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet Med. 2010;27:1159–67.
ltschuler JA, Casella SJ, MacKenzie TA, Curtis KM. The effect of cinnamon on A1C among
adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:813–6. [PubMed]

Blevins SM, Leyva MJ, Brown J, Wright J, Scofield RH, Aston CE. Effect of cinnamon on
glucose and lipid levels in non insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Diabetes
Care. 2007;30:2236–7. [PubMed]

Mettler S, Schwarz I, Colombani PC. Additive postprandial blood glucose-attenuating and
satiety-enhancing effect of cinnamon and acetic acid. Nutr Res. 2009;29:723–7. [PubMed]

Cinnamon: potential role in the prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2
diabetes.– [PubMed]

Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.– [PubMed]

Solomon TP, Blannin AK. Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 2 weeks
of daily cinnamon ingestion in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:969– [PubMed]

Gymnema Sylvestre Leaf Powder

Kanetkar P, Singhal R, Kamat M. Gymnema sylvestre: A Memoir. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007
Sep; 41(2): 77–81.

Persaud S.J., Al-Majed H., Raman A., Jones P.M. Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin
release in vitro by increased membrane permeability. J. Endocrinol. 1999;163:207–212.

Khare A.K., Tondon R.N., Tewari J.P. Hypoglycemic activity of an indigenous drug Gymnema
sylvestre in normal and diabetic persons. Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1983;27:257–261.

Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus patients. – PubMed – NCBI.” National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 18 June 2017.

Yarrow Flowers Powder

Yazdanparast R, Ardestani A, Jamshidi S. Experimental diabetes treated with Achillea santolina:
effect on pancreatic oxidative parameters. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 30;112(1):13-8. Article.

Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Gymnema
sylvestre: an important medicinal plant. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. Article.

Yazdanparast R, Ardestani A, Jamshidi S. Experimental diabetes treated with Achillea santolina:
effect on pancreatic oxidative parameters. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 30;112(1):13-8.

Shanmugasundaram ERB, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, Kumar BRR, Shanmugasundaram KR,
Ahmath BK. Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in
insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1990;30(3):281–294.

Baskaran K, Ahamath BK, Shanmugasundaram KR, Shanmugasundaram ERB. Antidiabetic
effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
patients. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1990;30(3):295–305.

Cayenne pepper Powder

Khan I, Ahmad H, Ahmad B. Anti-glycation and anti-oxidation properties of Capsicum frutescens
and Curcuma longa fruits: possible role in prevention of diabetic complication. Pak J Pharm Sci.
2014 Sep;27(5):1359-62. Article.

Chaiyasit K, Khovidhunkit W, Wittayalertpanya S. Pharmacokinetic and the effect of capsaicin
in Capsicum frutescens on decreasing plasma glucose level. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009 Jan;92(1):
108-13. Article.

Tolan I, Ragoobirsingh D, Morrison EY. Isolation and purification of the hypoglycaemic principle
present in Capsicum frutescens. Phytother Res. 2004 Jan;18(1):95-6.

Juniper berry powder

Sánchez de Medina F, Gámez MJ, Jiménez I, Jiménez J, Osuna JI, Zarzuelo A. Hypoglycemic
activity of juniper “berries” Planta Med. 1994;60:197–200.

White mulberry leaf powder

Kimura T., Nakagawa K., Kubota H., Kojima Y., Yamagishi K., Oita S., Oikawa S., Miyazawa T.
Food-grade mulberry powder enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin suppresses the elevation of
postprandial blood glucose in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007;55:5869–5874.
Mulberry-extract improves glucose tolerance and decreases insulin concentrations in
normoglycaemic adults: Results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Lown M, Fuller R, Lightowler H, Fraser A, Gallagher A, Stuart B, Byrne C, Lewith G. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 22;12(2). Article.

Mulberry leaf extract improves postprandial glucose response in prediabetic subjects: a
randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Kim JY, Ok HM, Kim J, Park SW, Kwon SW, Kwon O.
J Med Food. 2015 Mar;18(3):306-13. Article.

Effect of mulberry (Morus indica L.) therapy on plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids in
patients with type 2 diabetes. [PubMed]

Influence of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Blood Glucose and Breath Hydrogen Response to
Ingestion of 75 g Sucrose by Type 2 Diabetic and Control Subjects. [ADA]

Vanadium

Badmaev V, Prakash S, Majeed M. Vanadium: a review of its potential role in the fight against
diabetes. J Altern Complement Med. 1999 Jun;5(3):273-91.

Jacques-Camarena O, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, López-Madrueño JF, MedinaSantillán R. Effect of vanadium on insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(3-4):195-8. Article.

Thompson KH, Lichter J, LeBel C. Vanadium treatment of type 2 diabetes: a view to the future.J
Inorg Biochem. 2009 Apr;103(4):554-8. Article.

Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium in diabetes: 100 years from Phase 0 to Phase I. J Inorg
Biochem. 2006 Dec;100(12):1925-35. Article.

Alpha lipoic acid

Saeid Golbidi, Mohammad Badran, and Ismail Laher. Diabetes and Alpha Lipoic Acid. Front
Pharmacol. 2011; 2: 69.

Ansar H., Mazloom Z., Kazemi F., Hejazi N. (2011). Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose,
insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med. J. 32, 584–
588.

de Oliveira A. M., Rondó P. H., Luzia L. A., D’Abronzo F. H., Illison V. K. (2011). The effects of
lipoic acid and α-tocopherol supplementation on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes
Res. Clin. Pract. 92, 253–26010.

Kamenova P. (2006). Improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
after oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid. Hormones (Athens) 5, 251–258

L-taurine

Franconi F, Loizzo A, Ghirlanda G, Seghieri G. Taurine supplementation and diabetes
mellitus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9:32–36.

Ito T, Schaffer SW, Azuma J. The potential usefulness of taurine on diabetes mellitus and its
complications. Amino Acids. 2012 May; 42(5): 1529–1539.

Chauncey KB, Tenner TE, Jr, Lombardini JB, Jones BG, Brooks ML, Warner RD, Davis RL,
Ragain RM. The effect of taurine supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv
Exp Med Biol. 2003;526:91–96.

Elizarova EP, Nedosugova LV. First experiments in taurine administration for diabetes mellitus.
The effect on erythrocyte membranes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;403:583–588.